SIMPLE MACHINE
COMPLEX AND SIMPLE MACHINE
— There are two know machines, they
are a complex machine and simple machine.
Example for simple machines
:
— Scissors
— Paper clips
— Stapler
— Cutter
— Paper punch
Example for complex
machines :
— Telephone
— Mobile phone
— Computer
— Calculator
LEVER (PENGUNGKIT) PART
— A lever is a simple machine made
with a bar free to move about a fixed point. The lever consists of parts, load,
load arm, fulcrum, effort arm, and effort.
MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE (KEUNTUNGAN MEKANIK)
Mechanical
advantage is a comparison of the force of the resistance to the force of the
effort.
MA = W = lf
F lw
Comparison of the effort distance (de) to
the resistance distance (dr)
— In a lever the force of the
resistance multiplied (Fr=W) by the distance of the resistance (dr
= lw ) equal to the force of the effort (Fe=F)
multiplied by the distance of
the effort (de= lf
)
Fr x dr = Fe x de
W x lW = F x lF
Lever First Class
—
Example
— Scissors = gunting
— Pliers = tang
— Claw Hammer= palu
— See-saw= jungkat-jgkt
— Beam Balance=timbangan
Second Class
—
Example
— Wheelbarrow = gerobak pasir
— Bottle opener = pembuka botol
— Can opener
— Paper cutter = pemotong kertas
— Nutcracker= pemecah (biji) kemiri
Third Class
- Example: Human arm
— Golf club
— Fishing rod
— Forceps
The relationship between the effort and load and their
respective distance from the fulcrum
Load (L) x
Load Arm (Lo)= Effort (E) x
Effort arm (Li)
Mechanical
advantage = load/effort
= Li/Lo
MA = L/E =
Li/Lo
PULLEYS (KATROL)
— A pulley is a simple machine made
with a rope, belt or chain wrapped around a groved wheel
Three types of pulleys
— A Fixed Pulley
Is a pulley that is attached to
stationary structure.
— A Movable Pulley
Is pulley that is not attached
to a stationary structure
— A Pulley System
In a combination of fixed and
movable pulley
INCLINED PLANES (BIDANG MIRING)
— An inclined plane is a flat surface
that is higher on one end.
The MA of
an inclined plan is equal to the length of the slope (s) divided by the height
(h) of the inclined plane
MA = S
h
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